Tool-ply interaction in the formation of waviness during C/PEEK consolidation

It is well established that fiber waviness in continuous fiber-reinforced polymer composites a defect rather than an aesthetic flaw, as it potentially leads to severe knockdown of the mechanical properties. Consequently, desirable minimize or prevent during processing. This research explored experimentally influence tool material, release media and laminate size on formation in-plane C/PEEK consolidation. The formed was quantified correlated measured tool-ply friction coefficients thermal expansion plates. provides additional evidence shrinkage driving force for Furthermore, depends balance between coefficient tool, size.